Nasal carcinomas are cancers arising from the epithelial lining of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. These tumours are locally invasive, progressively destroying the delicate bone and tissue structures within the nose, and typically present with signs such as nasal discharge (often bloody), sneezing, noisy breathing, or facial deformity as the tumour expands. One important characteristic of nasal carcinomas is that while they are very destructive locally, they tend to spread to distant sites (metastasise) late in the disease course. This means that local control — particularly with radiation therapy — can provide meaningful survival benefit. A critical prognostic factor is whether the tumour has eroded through the cribriform plate (the bone separating the nasal cavity from the brain), as this significantly worsens the outlook.